THE AI WATCHLIST

How long will
scientists be needed?

Science, field by field.
The work becoming autonomous.

FIELD DEMANDS × AI CAPABILITY

Field	Autonomy / 10
Theoretical physics	Up to8.9
Weather forecasting	Up to8.9
Mathematics	Up to8.9
Synthetic chemistry	Up to8.9
Computational genomics	Up to7.8
Molecular biology	Up to7.8
Field ecology	Up to7.8
Structural biology	Up to7.8
Materials science	Up to7.8
Astronomy	Up to7.8
Neuroscience	Up to7.8
Seismology	Up to7.8
Computational pathology	Up to7.8
Radiology	Up to7.8
Algorithm design	Up to6.6
Computer science	Up to5.5
Chemical sciences	Up to5.5
Biological sciences	Up to5.5
Drug discovery	Up to4.4
Experimental physics	Up to4.4
Clinical medicine	Up to4.4
Population health	Up to4.4
Earth & environmental science	Up to4.4
Engineering	Up to4.4
Social & behavioural science	Up to4.4
Historical & archaeological research	Up to4.4

Across science, engineering and society.

26 field profilesMethod & sources ↗

Field	Autonomy / 10
Statistics	Up to8.9
Probability theory	Up to8.9
Number theory	Up to8.9
Algebra	Up to8.9
Geometry	Up to8.9
Topology	Up to8.9
Combinatorics	Up to8.9
Numerical analysis	Up to8.9
Optimization	Up to8.9
Information theory	Up to8.9
Cryptography	Up to8.9
Quantum information	Up to8.9
Fluid dynamics	Up to8.9
Cosmology	Up to7.8
Planetary science	Up to7.8
Heliophysics	Up to7.8
Gravitational-wave astronomy	Up to7.8
Radio astronomy	Up to7.8
Polymer science	Up to7.8
Surface science	Up to7.8
Battery science	Up to7.8
Nanoscience	Up to7.8
Metallurgy	Up to7.8
Biochemistry	Up to7.8
Synthetic biology	Up to7.8
Proteomics	Up to7.8
Metabolomics	Up to7.8
Epigenetics	Up to7.8
Population genetics	Up to7.8
Marine biology	Up to7.8
Conservation biology	Up to7.8
Software engineering	Up to5.5
Machine learning	Up to5.5
Computer vision	Up to5.5
Natural language processing	Up to5.5
Human–computer interaction	Up to5.5
Analytical chemistry	Up to5.5
Physical chemistry	Up to5.5
Organic chemistry	Up to5.5
Inorganic chemistry	Up to5.5
Electrochemistry	Up to5.5
Catalysis	Up to5.5
Spectroscopy	Up to5.5
Computational chemistry	Up to5.5
Cell biology	Up to5.5
Developmental biology	Up to5.5
Evolutionary biology	Up to5.5
Microbiology	Up to5.5
Virology	Up to5.5
Immunology	Up to5.5
Biophysics	Up to5.5
Systems biology	Up to5.5
Plant science	Up to5.5
Pharmacology	Up to5.5
Toxicology	Up to5.5
Experimental particle physics	Up to4.4
Nuclear physics	Up to4.4
Condensed matter physics	Up to4.4
Quantum optics	Up to4.4
Plasma physics	Up to4.4
Fusion research	Up to4.4
Acoustics	Up to4.4
Photonics	Up to4.4
Space instrumentation	Up to4.4
Chemical engineering	Up to4.4
Epidemiology	Up to4.4
Public health	Up to4.4
Clinical trials	Up to4.4
Medical genetics	Up to4.4
Surgery	Up to4.4
Ophthalmology	Up to4.4
Dermatology	Up to4.4
Cardiology	Up to4.4
Psychiatry	Up to4.4
Rehabilitation science	Up to4.4
Biomedical engineering	Up to4.4
Medical imaging	Up to4.4
Climate science	Up to4.4
Oceanography	Up to4.4
Hydrology	Up to4.4
Glaciology	Up to4.4
Atmospheric chemistry	Up to4.4
Geochemistry	Up to4.4
Geophysics	Up to4.4
Volcanology	Up to4.4
Geomorphology	Up to4.4
Remote sensing	Up to4.4
Soil science	Up to4.4
Environmental engineering	Up to4.4
Palaeontology	Up to4.4
Robotics	Up to4.4
Mechanical engineering	Up to4.4
Civil engineering	Up to4.4
Structural engineering	Up to4.4
Electrical engineering	Up to4.4
Control engineering	Up to4.4
Aerospace engineering	Up to4.4
Manufacturing engineering	Up to4.4
Semiconductor engineering	Up to4.4
Energy systems	Up to4.4
Agricultural engineering	Up to4.4
Transport engineering	Up to4.4
Cognitive science	Up to4.4
Experimental psychology	Up to4.4
Social psychology	Up to4.4
Economics	Up to4.4
Econometrics	Up to4.4
Sociology	Up to4.4
Political science	Up to4.4
Anthropology	Up to4.4
Archaeology	Up to4.4
Linguistics	Up to4.4
Education research	Up to4.4
Geography	Up to4.4
Demography	Up to4.4
Science of science	Up to4.4

How long willscientists be needed?

How long will
scientists be needed?